CHAPTER 1. FIDUCIARY DUTIES OF DIRECTORS
Common Law Breach of Fiduciary Duty
Statutory Bases for Liability
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12 U.S.C. §§93 and 503
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12 U.S.C. §501a
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12 U.S.C. §1833a
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Other Banking Statutes
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
CHAPTER 2. LIABILITIES OF BANK AND THRIFT COUNSEL
Introduction
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FDIC Investigations, the Decision to Sue and Settlement
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Document Demands and Administrative Subpoenas
Malpractice
Aiding and Abetting Breach of Fiduciary Duty
Fraud
Attorney-Director
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The Standard of Care Applicable to Attorney-Directors
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Conflict of Interest Issues
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Defense Considerations
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Policy Considerations
Theories Based on Breaches of State Attorney Conduct Rules
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Ethical Rules as a Basis for Liability Generally
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Conflicts of Interest
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Duty to Disclose or “Blow the Whistle”
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Duty to Withdraw
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Going “Up the Ladder”—Model Rule 1.13—Disclosure Within the Client Entity
Liability Based on Breaches of the SEC's Reporting Requirements
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Attorneys Subject to Reporting Obligations
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Conduct Triggering the Reporting Requirements
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Extent of Reporting Obligations
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Relationship to State Disciplinary Rules
Actual and Constructive Knowledge
Scope-of-Representation Issues
Proximate Cause
Affirmative Defenses
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Affirmative Defenses Based on the Conduct of the Agency as Receiver or Assignee
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Affirmative Defenses Based on the Conduct of the Regulators
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Statute of Limitations
Damages
CHAPTER 3. ADMINISTRATIVE ENFORCEMENT
Definitions
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Individuals Subject to Administrative Actions
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“Violation”
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“Appropriate Federal Banking Agency”
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“Unsafe or Unsound Practices”
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“Any Written Agreement Entered into with the Agency”
Civil Money Penalties
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Civil Money Penalties After FIRREA
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General Civil Money Penalty Authority
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General Civil Money Penalty Practice and Procedure
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Violations of the Federal Reserve Act
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Violations of the National Bank Act
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Violations of the Change in Control Act
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Violations of the Bank Tying Act
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Holding Company Act Violations
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Other Civil Money Penalty Authority
Cease and Desist Orders
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Jurisdiction for Cease and Desist Orders
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Current Cease and Desist Authority
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Cease and Desist Order Disclosure Obligations
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Temporary Orders to Cease and Desist
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Capital Directives
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Penalties for Violations of Cease and Desist Orders or Capital Directives
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Asset Freezes
Removal and Prohibition/Suspension Orders
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Pre-FIRREA Statute
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12 U.S.C. §§1818(e), (g), (j) After FIRREA
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Consequences of Suspension, Removal or Prohibition Order—And Failure to Comply
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Persons Under Indictment or Convicted of Crimes
Other Administrative Tools to Influence the Composition of the Board and
Management
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Agency Disapproval of Directors and Senior Executive Officers of Certain
Depository Institutions
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Prompt Corrective Action
Administrative Hearings
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Hearing Rules of Practice and Procedure
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Review of Final Agency Decisions
CHAPTER 4. DIRECTORS' AND OFFICERS' INSURANCE
Introduction
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Duties of Bank Officers and Directors
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State Indemnification Laws
Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance: A Definition
D&O Insurance: Liability Versus Indemnity
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Characteristics of Liability Insurance
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Characteristics of Indemnity Coverage
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Characteristics of D&O Insurance
D&O Insurance Distinguished from Fidelity Bonds
Typical Policies
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Major Underwriters
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Structure
General Rules of Construction
Coverage
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Wrongful Act
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Loss
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Calculating “Loss”
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Discovery Period
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Retroactive Coverage and Retroactive Dates
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Coverage of Potential Claims: “Notice of Circumstances”
Standard Exclusions
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The Dishonesty Exclusion
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Personal Profit
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Short Swing Trading Profits
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Other Insurance or Failure to Maintain Insurance
Recently Developed Exclusions
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“Insured vs. Insured” Exclusion
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The Regulatory Exclusion
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Hostile Takeover Exclusion
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Prior Notice Exclusion
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Prior Litigation Exclusion
Making a Claim
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Timing
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Adequacy: The Notice/Prejudice Rule and Notice of Circumstances Provisions
Reservation of Rights
Advancement of Attorneys' Fees and Costs of Litigation
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Defense Costs As Additions to the Limit on Liability
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Coverage of Criminal Attorneys' Fees
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Allocation
Cooperation
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In General
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Invoking the Fifth Amendment
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Attorney-Client Privilege
Settlements
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Insurer's Duty to Settle
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Policy Provisions
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Collusion
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Bad Faith
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Settlement By Less Than All Insureds
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Allocation
Suits To Establish Coverage
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Declaratory Relief
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Effect of the No-Action Clause
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Direct Actions Against the Insurer
Rescission
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Misrepresentation
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Effect on Other Directors
Cancellation
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Grounds, Notice, and Limitations
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Non-Renewal
Subrogation of Insurer
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Insurer's Subrogation Rights Against Outside Third Parties
Priority of RTC or FDIC to D&O Proceeds
CHAPTER 5. FIDELITY BOND CLAIMS
Definition and Development of the Financial Institution Bond
Overview of Standard Bond Form 24
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Standard Form 24
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Loss-Sustained Bonds
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Duration of the Bond
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Rules of Construction and Waiver
FIB Definitions
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Employees
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Forgery
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Loans
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Property
Exclusions
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Forgery Exclusion
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Civil Disturbance and Nuclear War
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Director Exclusion
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Loan Exclusion
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Losses Based on Customer Services
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Trading Losses
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Exclusions Resulting from Bank Errors
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Uncollected Funds
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Credit Card and ATM Losses
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Extortion
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Exclusions Restricting the Basic Insuring Agreements
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Potential Income
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Damages
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Expenses
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Miscellaneous
Who Is Insured: Changes in Control and Other Considerations
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Changes in Control
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Joint Insureds
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Ownership
Financial Considerations
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Limit of Liability
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Deductible
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Valuation
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Effect of Other Insurance
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Apportionment of Excess Recoveries
Causation
Discover
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Pre-1980 Efforts to Define Discovery
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A Definition of Discovery
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When Will Discovery Be Imputed to the Bank?
Notice of Loss
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Mechanics
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Proof of Loss
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Effect of Inadequate Notice
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Collecting Indemnity
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Notice of Legal Proceedings and Election to Defend
Cooperation
Misrepresentation and Its Effects
Termination and Cancellation
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Termination of the Bond in Its Entirety
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Termination Upon Discovery
Subrogation
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Definition
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Subrogation Rights Against a Banks' Officers and Directors
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Timing of the Subrogation Remedy
Coverage of Third-Party Claims
Insuring Agreement (A): Dishonesty
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Individuals Covered
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Conduct Covered
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The Financial Benefit Requirement and Typical Employee Benefits
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Financial Benefit Test in Loan Losses
Other Coverages Provided Under Standard Form 24
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Insuring Agreement (D): Check Forgery
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Insuring Agreement (E): Securities Forgery
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Insuring Agreements (B) and (C): Property Losses
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Insuring Agreement (F): Counterfeit Currency
CHAPTER 6. INDEMNITY
Overview
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Indemnification Defined
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Purpose
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Public Policy Constraints
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Insurance Distinguished
History
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Early State Laws
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Delaware and the Model Act
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Delaware and Model Acts Diverge
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Impact of Director Liability Crisis on State Indemnification Statutes
The Delaware Indemnification Statute
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Overview
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Coverage
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Scope
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Procedures for Awarding Indemnification
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Advance Indemnity Payments
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Authority to Purchase D&O Insurance
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Nonexclusivity
Federal Regulatory Limitations on Indemnification for Financial Institutions
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OCC Indemnification Requirements
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OTS Regulations
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FDIC's Indemnification Role Also Contains Over 50
Appendices—Including Policy Statements, Guidelines, and Key Primary Source
Documents